Nancy Zevenbergen and Eric Schoenstein, of Zevenbergen Capital and Jensen Funding Administration, respectively.
Tim Pannell for Forbes (left)
2022 was a horrible yr for shares. The S&P 500 has misplaced 20%, the Dow Jones Industrial Common is down almost 10% and the tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite plummeted greater than 30%. Blame it on raging inflation, a hawkish Federal Reserve, the Struggle in Ukraine or a looming world recession.
Provided that the times of simply shopping for the S&P 500 or another broad index fund to garner double digit returns seem like within the rearview mirror, specialists consider it’s now a so-called “inventory pickers market.”
With that, Forbes tapped Morningstar to establish top-performing fund managers who’ve both beat their benchmarks this yr or on a longer-term foundation over three-year, five-year or ten-year intervals. Listed here are their greatest inventory concepts for the approaching yr.
*Inventory costs and fund returns are as of 12/23/2022
Charles Lemonides
ValueWorks Ltd. Companions Lengthy-Biased: Lengthy-term technique that finds disparities between an organization’s underlying property and safety worth.
2022 return: 39.4%, 5-year common annual return: 23.9%
Chord Power (CHRD)
Market Capitalization: $5.5 billion
12-Month Revenues: $3.2 billion
Lemonides likes Chord Power, which he calls preferrred for a bumpy interval in markets as it’s a “defensive play with enormous money era” that’s promoting at an “exceedingly enticing valuation.” The corporate owns almost a million web acres of drilling rights, fashioned in July after the profitable merger of Oasis and Whiting Petroleum. Each had beforehand spent billions of {dollars} constructing assets within the Permian Basin—so in the course of the pandemic, many fund managers like Lemonides purchased up the distressed debt within the two corporations for cents on the greenback. Whereas Chord Power at the moment has a $5.6 billion market cap, each Oasis and Whiting every had valuations far above that at their final peak 5 years in the past, he factors out. “Again then oil costs had been roughly $80 per barrel, and at this time they’re mainly round that,” Lemonides says, noting the 2 lately merged enterprises are “producing way more oil at this time than they had been again then.” He additionally likes the truth that Chord Power is “very shareholder pleasant,” returning the nice bulk of its greater than $1 billion in free money move over the last yr and a half to shareholders within the type of inventory buybacks or dividends: “That’s money cash in shareholders’ pockets.”
Air Lease (AL)
Market Capitalization: $4.1 billion
12-Month Revenues: $2.3 billion
Lemonides can be a fan of Air Lease, which purchases industrial plane and leases them to airline clients worldwide. “The {industry} has gone by as tumultuous an expertise as one can think about with the pandemic, however Air Lease has mainly been financially wholesome by the opposite facet of that,” he says. “Whereas some airways have struggled, the {industry} appears to be on the mend in a robust approach globally.” Although the corporate has some debt, with journey rebounding and lots of planes at capability, Air Lease is poised to profit from its pricing flexibility and big fleet of plane. “You’re paying for fairness at a $4 billion market cap, however they personal roughly $30 billion price of plane which are in all probability persevering with to understand in worth yearly,” even throughout inflationary environments, Lemonides describes. “Airplanes at all times went up in worth throughout my expertise within the 80’s and 90’s,” he says. At present valuation ranges—with shares down 17% in 2022, “it simply doesn’t make a whole lot of sense to not purchase.”
James Davolos
Kinetics Small-Cap Alternatives Fund:
Concentrated portfolio of small- to mid-sized development corporations.
2022 return: 34.7%, 5-year common annual return: 21.9%
CACI INTERNATIONAL (CACI)
Market Capitalization: $7.1 billion
12-Month Revenues: $6.3 billion
An extended-time holding which the fund has owned for greater than 10 years, Davolos highlights “protection know-how” firm CACI Worldwide, which he thinks covers “all the appropriate niches which are related for nationwide safety.” In contrast to Lockheed Martin or Northrop Grumman, which manufacture missiles and planes, CACI focuses on battlefield communications, encryption and cybersecurity. “Given the trendy type of warfare, these areas have a lot larger secular development than capital goods-focused protection corporations,” Davolos says. “However the market nonetheless treats it like a conventional protection contractor, with its fortunes closely intertwined with protection budgets and the hawkishness of the present administration.” Regardless of a slowing economic system with rates of interest staying excessive, most of CACI’s income comes from someplace throughout the Division of Protection ecosystem, he describes, including that authorities contracts are a lot much less delicate to inflation or an financial slowdown. Even after rising 9% in 2022, shares of the corporate “stay low-cost on an absolute foundation”—particularly when put next with extra conventional protection contractors with heavy capital expenditures.
Permian Basin Royalty Belief (PBT)
Market Capitalization: $1.1 billion
12-Month Revenues: $42 million
Shares of Permian Basin Royalty Belief, which have risen 116% this yr, could possibly be poised for additional upside in 2023, in keeping with Davolos. The belief itself is a passive royalty on the Waddell Ranch, the lease on which was purchased by a personal firm Blackbeard Working simply over two years in the past. The small-cap operator has made some thrilling strides bettering outdated wells by injecting fluid or carbon dioxide—and although comparatively low-cost per nicely, these prices have obscured the dividend, resulting in a retail selloff within the inventory. As soon as Blackbeard’s capital expenditures taper off, nevertheless, “the inventory might simply be distributing a dividend of $3 to $4 per share subsequent yr,” Davolos predicts. “You’re not simply betting on capital expenditures rolling over and better power costs—Blakckbeard can be ramping up manufacturing in these wells considerably,” which will even repay, he describes. The fund initiated a place in mid-2020, utilizing the collapse in power costs introduced on by the pandemic as a possibility to purchase up shares on a budget. “When you underwrite an assumption of upper oil and fuel costs subsequent yr, which we predict goes to occur, the dividend will rerate materially—particularly as these new wells come on-line,” Davolos provides.
Kimball Brooker
First Eagle World Worth Fund: Broad-ranging portfolio of mid- to large-sized development and worth corporations, with hedges for volatility.
2022 return: -8%, 10-year common annual return: 6.2%
HCA Healthcare (HCA)
Market Capitalization: $67.8 billion
12-Month Revenues : $59.8 billion
Brooker likes HCA Healthcare—the biggest hospital firm in america, with greater than 180 websites of care–as a result of it has “developed a market share large enough to allow them to use scale to create the most effective amenities round.” A for-profit operator that is likely one of the nation’s main suppliers of healthcare providers, shares of HCA are down almost 7% in 2022. The fund has owned the inventory since early 2018, when shares tanked after an earnings warning associated to margin compression. HCA’s prime line was hard-hit in the course of the pandemic, each by hospital sufferers delaying visits or elective surgical procedures in addition to by wage inflation for in-demand nurses, although each of these issues have been steadily resolving, Brooker describes. Whereas the inventory has struggled in consequence, he says that HCA will have the ability to ultimately go worth will increase on to customers, to not point out proceed to generate “strong money flows” as hospital visits proceed to tick up. What’s extra, in contrast to most hospitals–that are not-for-profit–the corporate is ready to reinvest important money to improve amenities and thereby appeal to higher docs and enhance affected person outcomes, Brooker provides.
.
YCHARTS
Comcast (CMCSA)
Market Capitalization: $153 billion
12-Month Revenues: $121 billion
A longtime and at the moment top-10 holding of the fund, Comcast could seem to have a mountain of debt—roughly $90 billion on the finish of September. “In actuality, the corporate has used these years of low charges to make the most of moderately low-cost financing,” with a weighted common maturity in 2037 and weighted common coupon of round 3.5%, Brooker describes. “These aren’t notably scary credit score metrics.” He nonetheless likes Comcast, shares of which have fallen 32% this yr, due to its under-the-radar dividend, which has persistently grown over the previous decade and now yields simply over 3%. He describes the corporate as a “sturdy, sensibly run enterprise” with strong free money move, primarily targeted on broadband cable but additionally with components of diversification with content material streaming and theme parks. “Comcast has a high-quality downside—market share is so excessive that subscriber development is tougher to get, however on the similar time pricing can be utilized as a possible lever, so it truly is a double-edged sword.” One potential catalyst to look at for within the subsequent few years: Comcast’s roughly 33% stake in Hulu, which has an upcoming put choice permitting the corporate to promote to Disney. “At a minimal complete valuation of round $27 billion for Hulu, that would lead to roughly $9 billion for Comcast,” Brooker factors out.
Thomas Huber
T. Rowe Worth Dividend Development Fund: Mix of large-cap corporations with a give attention to dividend growers.
2022 return: -11.2%, 10-year common annual return: 12.6%
Becton Dickinson (BDX
BDX
)
BDX
Market Capitalization: $71.5 billion
12-Month Revenues: $19.4 billion
Huber likes BD, which he calls a “good defensive development firm” that has cheap earnings visibility. The fund has owned the inventory for numerous years, but it surely has struggled with disappointing margins and an FDA recall on its Alaris infusion pump final yr. Nonetheless, “the worst is behind it,” says Huber, who factors out that the corporate has “gotten its act collectively” with good new product move, a wholesome value administration program, some small M&A offers and steadily bettering margins. The relaunch of BD’s Alaris pump continues to be a wild card and doubtless received’t occur till at the very least 2024, however that has helped increase sentiment, he describes. “There may be good cash to be made in corporations as they enhance and are available out of a troubled interval, whether or not it’s self-inflicted or market pushed,” Huber says. What’s extra, whereas BD’s dividend yield of round 1.5% is in no way enormous, it’s elevating it steadily over time, which is “an indication of a wholesome, persistently rising enterprise,” he provides. “All of that’s essential in a world the place charges are rising and development is slowing.”
Philip Morris Worldwide (PM)
Market Capitalization: $156 billion
12-Month Revenues: $31.7 billion
A holding of the fund since 2008, Philip Morris Worldwide is a “inventory the place you’re paid to attend” due to a 5% dividend yield, in keeping with Huber. He thinks the tobacco firm is “properly arrange as we go into subsequent yr;” Whereas Philip Morris took a success from the robust U.S. greenback earlier in 2022, the foreign money has since weakened, which could possibly be an enormous headwind abating, Huber says. He’s an enormous fan of the primary product, the iQOS, a tool, which makes use of warmth moderately than burn know-how to eat tobacco. Along with being a more healthy different to common cigarettes, the diminished threat product (RRP) class has larger margins than the core conventional tobacco enterprise. “Philip Morris has invested closely—roughly $9 billion on this class—and is now nicely forward of the competitors,” Huber says, including that the corporate boasts “an unlimited first-mover benefit.” It lately acquired Swedish Match, a smaller, multinational tobacco firm that crucially offers Philip Morris a distribution line for iQOS in america. Whereas former dad or mum Altria doesn’t need to cannibalize its personal tobacco enterprise domestically, Philip Morris paid a number of billion to interrupt the present settlement between the 2 corporations, now paving the way in which for a launch in U.S. markets that could possibly be as quickly as 2023 or 2024, Huber describes. “That clearly has optimistic implications for the corporate and the inventory.”
.
YCHARTS
Christopher Marangi
The Gabelli Worth 25 Fund: Portfolio of corporations promoting under personal market worth, with 25 core fairness positions.
2022 return: -17.3%, 10-year common annual return: 5.3%
Liberty Media Sequence C Liberty Braves Widespread Inventory (BATRK)
Market Capitalization: $1.7 billion
12-Month Revenues: $637 million
Marangi highlights this tracker inventory, up 12% this yr, which owns the Atlanta Braves baseball staff in addition to the actual property improvement rights round its ballpark. “By shopping for the inventory at market at this time, you’re shopping for fairness within the Braves at a roughly $1.5 billion valuation,” he describes, including, “the New York Mets bought for $2.4 billion throughout Covid—and the Braves generate far more income.” Although there may be roughly $400 million in debt on the franchise, Marangi thinks that if bought, the Braves might garner a valuation nearing $3 billion. Sports activities franchises are likely to commerce as a a number of of income, however there was “no slowdown within the public’s urge for food for dwell leisure post-pandemic,” he factors out. One catalyst to look at: Guardian firm Liberty Media, which additionally owns Components One, introduced in November that it might spin off the Braves right into a separate asset. “As soon as that occurs, it’s doubtless the staff might get bought to a personal purchaser,” Marangi theorizes. “Sports activities franchises usually have been wonderful shops of worth, whether or not in an inflationary or deflationary surroundings.”
Dish Community (DISH)
Market Capitalization: $7.3 billion
12-Month Revenues: $17.1 billion
Regardless of a virtually 58% decline in Dish Community shares in 2022, Marangi has excessive hopes for the satellite tv for pc TV and wi-fi providers supplier subsequent yr, having owned the inventory for many years. “Communication providers has been the worst-performing sector within the S&P 500 for lots of causes—each secular and cyclical,” he describes. “Nonetheless, there’s a great quantity of asset worth within the inventory at this time.” He calls the corporate’s conventional satellite tv for pc video enterprise a “melting ice dice,” because it has taken a success from cord-cutting, although it nonetheless generates giant quantities of free money move. Marangi is especially excited in regards to the firm’s wireless-network enterprise: Dish has been spending tens of billions to accumulate spectrum licenses throughout the nation because it builds out a 5G community. “The market is barely pricing in a fraction of the worth of these licenses,” he argues, with giant upside potential for earnings to recuperate as the corporate ultimately monetizes its funding. “This brand-new community received’t be held again by 4G subscribers who should transition to 5G,” Marangi says, including, “Dish will also be aggressive with pricing” because it competes with incumbent suppliers. One other space to look at for is a possible merger with DirecTV, which might “lengthen the life and money move” of each corporations’ conventional video enterprise, he predicts.
Eric Schoenstein
Jensen High quality Development Fund: Portfolio of 30 large-cap development corporations.
2022 return: -17.4%, 10-year common annual return: 13.1%
TJX (TJX)
Market Capitalization: $90 billion
12-Month Revenues: $49.3 billion
A ten-year holding, off-price division retailer company TJX operates manufacturers like T.J. Maxx, Marshalls and HomeGoods, with almost 4,700 shops throughout 9 international locations and three continents. Schoenstein sees potential for the inventory subsequent yr, calling it “comparatively resilient, with defensive traits and a powerful correlation to shopper spending” that may assist its enterprise face up to a slowing economic system in 2023. “As individuals have much less cash to spend, customers shall be extra considerate about how they spend—and TJX performs a priceless function from that perspective,” he describes. An enormous promoting level of TJX is its nice offers, and due to costs which are low relative to friends, that helps drive buyer loyalty, in keeping with Schoenstein. Amid an surroundings the place customers are dealing with larger rents, mortgages and home-ownership prices, TJX stands to profit from the following “trade-down impact” and “discount concept” as customers in the reduction of spending. The inventory has outperformed the market in 2022—to not point out many different retailers–rising almost 3%.
UnitedHealth Group (UNH)
Market Capitalization: $491.3 billion
12-Month Revenues: $313.1 billion
One other of Schoenstein’s prime picks is Minnesota-based UnitedHealth Group, the biggest managed-healthcare and insurance coverage firm within the nation, serving roughly 149 million individuals. In a slowing financial surroundings, not solely is UnitedHealth a defensive play—with shares rising roughly 3.5% this yr, but additionally “a development firm on the similar time,” he describes, calling it “a long-term alternative, albeit one which has generated some good returns for us in an in any other case difficult yr.” Now a prime 5 holding within the fund, Schoenstein admires the corporate’s resilient enterprise mannequin and talent to generate substantial money move—with secure earnings development to restrict volatility within the inventory, he argues. “That’s one thing that shall be far more related in 2023, in comparison with the previous the place momentum was the play of the day.” UnitedHealth has managed by bumpy intervals earlier than, he factors out, to not point out the corporate has grown, giving it the power to scale up or down relying on the financial backdrop. Whereas the inventory is prone to information of potential authorities regulation within the healthcare sector, “that exact risk appears to have died down considerably,” with additional upside forward as extra individuals get entry to insurance coverage and Medicaid applications across the nation, in keeping with Schoenstein.
.
YCHARTS
Kenneth Kuhrt
Ariel Fund: Flagship worth fund, primarily targeted on small- to mid-sized corporations.
2022 return: -19.9%, 10-year common annual return: 10.1%
Royal Caribbean Cruises (RCL)
Market Capitalization: $12.5 billion
12-Month Revenues: $7.2 billion
The Ariel Fund has owned shares of Royal Caribbean Cruises, the quantity two participant within the cruise line {industry}, for roughly 15 years. Like the opposite main cruise operators, Royal Caribbean struggled as pandemic lockdowns successfully crippled the {industry} with fleets beneath prolonged no-sail orders. Nonetheless, the corporate is “often misunderstood when it comes to the steadiness of the enterprise mannequin,” argues Kuhrt, including, “not many corporations might be shut down for a yr and a half then survive and prosper on the opposite facet of that.” Markets proceed to take a really short-term outlook on the cruise {industry} usually, with traders rising afraid of headlines regarding every part from power costs to geopolitics, he describes. “We’re shocked the market isn’t giving Royal Caribbean extra credit score for his or her latest earnings steerage and enterprise ramp up.” Regardless of a 37% drop within the inventory this yr, Kuhrt factors to “important upside” forward, particularly as administration goals for double-digit earnings energy by 2025. He additionally emphasizes that on a comparable foundation, cruise pricing is now above pre-pandemic ranges, whereas occupancy charges have additionally rebounded considerably. “An enormous a part of the story is buyer retention,” he says. “The cruise line {industry} is linked to and understands its buyer base higher than we’ve ever seen earlier than.”
Zebra Applied sciences (ZBRA)
Market Capitalization: $12.6 billion
12-Month Revenues: $5.7 billion
This market chief in enterprise asset intelligence, which focuses on bar-code scanning and stock monitoring know-how, trades at a “important low cost to its underlying intrinsic worth,” Kuhrt says. Zebra Applied sciences’ giant clients embody Amazon, Goal and lots of others spanning a variety of sectors together with retail, manufacturing, healthcare and transportation. Whereas the inventory was at $600 per share only one yr in the past, it has suffered an enormous dislocation–now all the way down to $250and has undergone a number of compression due to its ties to the know-how sector. Nonetheless, traders are underestimating the basic earnings energy of the enterprise, Kuhrt describes: “A long time in the past, the enterprise mannequin revolved round simply scanning a barcode; Now, the complexity of logistics and monitoring property is ever growing.” He’s notably optimistic about a few of Zebra’s newer applied sciences, akin to radio-frequency identification (RFID), which makes use of electromagnetic fields to trace and establish totally different objects in transit. Within the almost 10 years that the fund has owned Zebra’s inventory, the corporate has “continued to adapt and develop” and can proceed to take action, regardless of Wall Road’s issues about an financial slowdown, Kuhrt argues.
Amy Zhang
Alger Mid-Cap Focus Fund: Centered portfolio of round 50 mid-size corporations.
2022 return: -36%, Common annual return since inception (2019): 9.1%
Waste Connections (WCN)
Market Capitalization: $34.3 billion
12-Month Revenues: $7 billion
Zhang likes this Woodlands, Texas-based waste assortment, disposal and recycling firm, which she calls a “defensive enterprise that may be resilient in a slowing financial surroundings.” Waste Connections, shares of that are down simply 1% in 2022, serves tens of millions of shoppers throughout america and Canada—with a give attention to unique and secondary markets that helps assure “sturdy income development.” Zhang notes that in a enterprise much less targeted on quantity development and extra involved with pricing, Waste Connections has a powerful observe document of industry-leading margins and money move. Waste administration is a secure, defensive enterprise that usually does nicely throughout recessions, Zhang factors out. Because of the corporate’s pricing energy and “superior market choice technique,” she thinks Waste Connections shall be “much more resilient than its friends” going into subsequent yr. Zhang expects margins to enhance in 2023 as inflation headwinds dissipate, whereas additionally emphasizing that the corporate might “proceed to be an M&A flywheel” if it retains making sensible acquisitions to shore up market share.
Insulet (PODD)
Market Capitalization: $20.7 billion
12-Month Revenues: $1.2 billion
Zhang can be enthusiastic about “long-term compounder” Insulet, a medical gadget firm targeted on treating diabetes sufferers by its body-worn Omnipod insulin pump. One of many fund’s prime 10 positions, shares have risen almost 10% this yr, outperforming friends within the medtech sector. Past the basic Omnipod and Omnipod Sprint
DASH
.
YCHARTS
Nancy Zevenbergen
Zevenbergen Development Fund: Largely large-cap shopper and tech corporations.
2022 return: -52%, 5-year common annual return: 7%
DoubleVerify (DV)
Market Capitalization: $3.6 billion
12-Month Revenues: $424 million
Zevenbergen likes DoubleVerify, a small-cap software program firm targeted on offering verification and security for digital model promoting. DoubleVerify’s know-how helps manufacturers and publishers with viewability, by detecting fraud and by defending model security. Zevenbergen’s fund has owned the inventory since its IPO in April 2021, however regardless of being worthwhile with top-line development, shares have declined over 30% this yr and at the moment are buying and selling under their preliminary share providing worth of $27. “DoubleVerify has seen a serious market correction this yr, however inside that there’s a main alternative,” says Zevenbergen. Although total advert spending might go down throughout an financial slowdown, markets are additionally “extremely involved about model security with promoting,” she provides. “This type of advert spend ought to preclude the worry of a recession.” Zevernbergen additionally sees additional alternatives as new entrants past social media platforms, akin to Netflix, enter digital promoting. “Threat of fraud or poor content material placement makes DoubleVerify’s insurance coverage crucial… advertisers are going to need to have model security.”
Invoice.com Holding (BILL)
Market Capitalization: $11 billion
12-Month Revenues: $753.5 million
One other of Zevenbergen’s inventory picks for 2023 is $11 billion (market cap) cloud-based software program fintech Invoice.com, which assists small companies on accounts payable and receivable. Invoice.com helps clean out back-office funds and may gain advantage as they transfer cash in a rising-rate surroundings. After a 54% drop in share worth this yr on account of macroeconomic headwinds, the founder-led firm might current an “unimaginable alternative” at a horny valuation due to its high-growth and profitability, Zevenbergen describes, including, “all of the negatives have been priced into the inventory.” The corporate is well-positioned, in contrast with its friends: “Having the ability to digitize or substitute software program for labor—a good useful resource today—shall be a spend that you just need to make,” she says. “Competitors from fintech startups can be more likely to erode barely as a result of cash isn’t free anymore.” Whereas Invoice.com’s cost quantity has fallen barely on account of a tougher financial surroundings, that has been offset by pricing energy and new-customer momentum.
Kirsty Gibson
Baillie Gifford U.S. Fairness Development Fund: Concentrated portfolio of development corporations.
2022 return: -53.5%, 5-year common annual return: 7.2%
Duolingo (DUOL)
Market Capitalization: $2.9 billion
12-Month Revenues: $338.7 million
One of many fund’s newer additions—from the corporate’s July 2021 IPO—is training tech firm Duolingo, recognized for its app that teaches languages. Shares of the corporate have fallen roughly 30% this yr, and whereas Duolingo has fallen sufferer to the collective selloff in development shares, “not all development corporations are alike,” Gibson describes. The edtech firm has proven promising traits—reporting 5 consecutive quarters of accelerating person development, with income within the newest quarter rising roughly 50% yr over yr.. The app, which boasts roughly 15 million day by day customers, presents solely free language programs within the type of missions which are unlocked in sequence–with totally different classes which are dynamic and adaptively constructed to every particular person learner. “One of many hardest elements of studying a brand new language is staying motivated to maintain finding out–notably should you’re not dwelling in that nation,” she provides. “Duolingo has taken a gamification strategy to beat this.” For the reason that app is free to make use of, the corporate has been capable of develop organically with comparatively low advertising outlays, permitting extra cash for product improvement. Gibson predicts that it will likely be troublesome for potential rivals to come back in and disrupt Duolingo’s “nice product,” to not point out that the corporate has room for development within the type of new merchandise and paid subscriptions that enable customers to bypass adverts.
.
YCHARTS
Shopify (SHOP)
Market Capitalization: $43.6 billion
12-Month Revenues: $5.2 billion
The fifth-largest holding in Baillie Gifford’s U.S. Fairness Development fund is Canadian e-commerce big Shopify, shares of which have tanked greater than 70% in 2022. “The corporate is trying to be the central nervous system that powers tens of millions of companies all over the world,” Gibson describes. Whereas Shopify’s inventory was “very a lot a pandemic darling,” it has since seen a big worth decline as corporations which are taking losses for future development have been pulled down by market sentiment, she provides, describing the enterprise as “discretionarily unprofitable” in that it’s selecting to spend money on new areas for the long term on the expense of short-term margins. Gibson additionally likes what she describes as thrilling modifications akin to the corporate transferring into enterprise markets and launching Shopify Audiences, a premium device that helps companies discover new clients by targeted digital promoting on totally different platforms like Fb or Google. “We consider we’ll proceed to see Shopify’s capability to adapt and be resilient on this present surroundings,” she summarizes.